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A buffer solution was formed by mixing 20.0 cm^3 of sodium hydroxide solution of concentration 0.100 mol dm^–3 with 25.0 cm^3 of ethanoic acid of concentration 0.150 mol dm^–3. CH3COOH + NaOH---CH3COONa + H2O Calculate the pH of this buffer solution.

Ka for ethanoic acid = 1.74 × 10–5 mol dm–3 

moles = concentration x volume / 1000

Ka = [H+] [A-]/[HA]

pH = -log [H+]

Initial moles of NaOH: 20x0.1/1000 = 0.002mol

Initial moles of CH3COOH: 25 x 0.15 / 1000 = 0.00375 mol

Moles of NaOH < Moles of CH3COOH and react in 1:1 ratio, so all NaOH reacts.

final moles: 0.00375 - 0.002 = 0.00175 mol

final concentrations [CH3COO- Na+] = 1000 x 0.002 / 45 = 0.04444 mo ldm-3

[A-][CH3COOH] = 1000 x 0.00175 /45 = 0.03889 mol dm-3 

[HA]from Ka:[H+] = Ka [HA] / [A-] = 1.74 x 10 -5 x 0.03889 / 0.04444 = 1.523 x 10 -5

pH = -log [H+] = 4.82

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