Animal cells are eukaryotic cells which are multicellular and contain numerous organelles like nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and lysosomes. They also have a cytoplasm with cytoskeleton elements that is enclosed in a cell membrane. Some of the components (four) are described below with functions:
Component | Function |
Nucleus | It is a double membrane organelle which has DNA (it contains the genetic information). The nucleus controls the activity of the cells like repair and cell division. It also has a nucleolus that is the site of production of ribosomes. |
Golgi Apparatus | It plays a vital role in modification and packaging of proteins like carbohydrates are attached to proteins in it. Then these modified proteins are packed in vesicles that are released into the cytoplasm. These vesicles can fuse with the cell membrane and release the components outside the cell. |
Ribosomes | Ribosomes play an integral role in the production of proteins. The mRNA is converted into a polypeptide on the ribosome. The ribosomes can be found freely in the cytoplasm or can be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Mitochondria | It is a double membrane structure and carries the process of respiration which ATP is released as energy. They are found in muscles in large amounts as they can provide them with energy to contract. |
